The Social Work Of A Social Worker - 1585 Words

As a social worker, we are essentially given the opportunity to utilize our past and personal experiences, educational background, and diverse relationships to make a difference in countless people’s lives. Whether we choose to dedicate ourselves to practicing micro or macro social work, we can influence the outcomes of social policies, assist clients with obtaining basic necessities, or change a person’s thought processes by applying psychosocial theories as necessary. However, we are obligated to pay close attention to the ways in which we interact with our assigned clients, administer and assess outcomes of therapeutic interventions, and do what we think will ultimately benefit our client’s well-being. Considering that a Master’s in Social Work is a professional position, general practitioner’s guidelines must be followed; hence the purpose of the NASW Code of Ethics, the CSWE Educational Policy and Standards, and precise HIPAA adherence. The preamble of the NASW Code of Ethics states, â€Å"The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty (www.socialworkers.org).† Following that statement, the six purposes of the NASW Code of Ethics are expressed to the reader in seriated form. The guiding principles for social work practice are outlined, ethical principles and their valuesShow MoreRelatedSocial Workers And Social Work Essay1165 Words   |  5 Pages In today`s society, social work as a profession has changed enormously over time. Many interviews, samples and surveys from individuals have been taken over the years about the perception of social workers. Earlier samples of surveys and interviews have shown that social work was not always a popular profession, but now social workers are popular publicly. The public as in people now has a better understanding of social work. Studies showed that numerous of people do not quite have a full understandingRead MoreSocial Workers And Social Work1684 Words   |  7 Pages At the heart of social work most social workers consider their social work values as one of the most crucial principles of the social work profession (Higham 2006). The recent report of the social work taskforce sets out a vision of social work for a profession confident about its values, purpose and identity (Social Work Taskforce, 2009, pg61). Generally, the term value is viewed as particular beliefs or principles an i ndividual may hold deemed worthy or valuable (Banks,S, 2006). BASWA 2012 definesRead MoreSocial Workers And The Social Work Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesSocial workers are caregivers, they provide assistance to people in need, and they address social problems. The social worker’s goal is the improvement of society to better the lives of individuals in need. The social work professional mission is to enhance the well-being of people and to assist them in meeting their basic needs, with particular emphasis on the needs of the poor, and the vulnerable individual. The Social Work profession has six core values. Social workers incorporate these core valuesRead MoreSocial Workers And Social Work950 Words   |  4 Pages The social work profession is a profession that is created with educated professionals, social workers, which make important contributions to society by helping society’s most vulnerable individuals, families, and groups. Social workers assist vulnerable populations with enhancing their social functioning, meeting their needs, and solving problems. Social policies are a key component in the success of the social workers ability to help the vulnerable. â€Å"Social policies are the laws, rules, and regulationsRead MoreSocial Workers And Social Work1377 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Workers Issues We are the present. The future is our children. We all have some child(ren) in our lives whom we love dearly and would probably die for them. They are our future. Many of those children need help; mental, emotional, and physical help. If these children do not receive help, our future will be worse than the present is now. Social workers can help fix that. In the last paper, I addressed the issue of social status/work. The work status fluctuates greatly pending on the fieldRead MoreThe Social Work Of A Social Worker1551 Words   |  7 PagesUnder the social work profession, social workers embrace the principle of social justice and are committed to work toward achieving social change. In direct practice, social workers work with individuals living in poverty and subjected to all sorts of injustices. In social work, practitioners work in partnership with clients, when coming up with possible solutions to the presenting problems. It is important that in the process, social workers re main with a nonjudgmental attitude and look at howRead MoreSocial Work As A Social Worker1414 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes social work idiosyncratic unlike the rest is the willingness and passion to promote human well-being. I yearn and hunger to see growth of what is already innate. That is the reason psychology became my undeclared major. My ignorance of the social work role did create misconceptions and fears. I knew I had to be in some helping profession. I was not sure if I would do so through occupational therapy, psychology, teaching, or social work. I wanted to be a social worker, but I wasRead MoreSocial Worker And Social Work Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of what social work is. My view of social work was based off of movies that portrayed social workers as individuals who only worked with children. In these movies, the social worker was known as the Child Protective Agent and was called in when a child or children were being mistreated. After taking this course, I now know that my idea of a social worker, although right, was only the tip of an iceberg. The social worker does not only work with children, they work within a large social system thatRead MoreSocial Work : A Social Worker1033 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome a social worker. Social work is a professional and academic discipline that works to improve the quality of life and enhance the wellbeing of individuals, families, couples, groups, and communities. Heather Holland is a Social Worker at Uniontown Hospital who has over 12 years’ experience in the field. She explains that a typical day on the job is far from easy. â€Å"Days in this career are crazy, busy, and mostly, undetermined† Holland explains of her days on the job. Social work is a veryRead MoreSocial Workers And Social Work1652 Words   |  7 Pageslarge component of the social work profession is cultural competency. According to the National Association of Social Workers, in order to be culturally competent, social workers should understand culture and its’ role in society (National Association of Social Workers [NASW], 2008). Social workers should be able to recognize the strength of each culture, have knowledge of their clients’’ cultures, and provide cul turally sensitive services to each individual with whom they work with (NASW, 2008). Is

Analizing Gender Roles Essay - 794 Words

Analyzing Gender Roles in â€Å"Anchorman Natalia Pimushkina DeVry University Analyzing Gender Roles in â€Å"Anchorman â€Å" Gender is societys idea of what it means to be male or female, of the appropriate roles for each sex to play. Society transforms biological sexuality, when a person is genetically declared as a male or a female, into beings of human activity.† In this essay, I would like to analyze gender roles using the example of the main characters from the comedy movie, â€Å"Anchorman†(2004). I would like to look into female and male characters individually and compare the similarities and contrast the differences between them. Veronica Coringstone†¦show more content†¦However, Mr. Burgundy still has human feelings. When Veronica fell in a cage with the bears, Ron, like a hero, comes to help her, risks his own life and saves her. They feel natural balance: she is weak and he is strong. They ended up being partners not only at the work, but also even in life. They both are very ambitious, professional, and have passion for a career, but when it comes to logic, Ron B urgundy is losing because, he originally has the wrong attitude. This piece of conversation from the movie helps us to understand their gender equality problem: Veronica Coringstone: Mr. Burgundy. I am a professional, and I would like to be able to do my job. Ron Burgundy: Well, big deal. I act very professional. Veronica Coringstone: Mr. Burgundy you are acting like a baby. Ron Burgundy: Im not a baby, Im a man! I am an anchorman! Veronica Coringstone: You are not a man, you are a big fat joke. Ron Burgundy: Im a man who discovered the wheel, and built the Eiffel Tower out of metal and brawn. Thats what kind of man I am. Youre just a woman with a small brain. With a brain a 1/3 the size of us...Its science. Ron feels that he proves his masculinity by using these facts about the Eiffel Tower and the wheel. He is just shouting, while Veronica is calmly making her argument. Even Veronica did things to destroy Ron’s career, I don’t blame her, because she was defending herself. In my pointShow MoreRelatedLeadership Interactional Framework : Leadership1953 Words   |  8 Pagesuses this to enhance their leadership skills. Development planning is very important to become a good leader, this will guide the person to develop their knowledge, skills and behavior where required (Hughes, Ginnett Curphy 2015, p. 105). Analizing Arlene Dickinson shows a good example of how leadership skills can be developed to find success. At the age of 31 she found herself unemployed, divorced, four kids and with a high school diploma. Dickinson now at the age of 55 has a personal net

Australian Partnership and Employment Law

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Partnership and Employment Law. Answer: Introduction Jack, Jill and Max together were doing a business of selling trucks since last twelve months. But the problem was that they did not have a formal business structure. The business was doing very well and now they wanted a formal business structure. There are various options which they can opt for. In Australia one has several options like company, partnership, individual and trust. In this case these three cannot open a sole trading business since three persons are involved. For them the best option which is available is to start business in a partnership. Since three personas are involved in the business partnership will be the best option since they can share profits in the ratio which they want to. As per Partnership Act 1963 Section 6 a partnership is a relation between people who carries out business in a common view of profit, it also includes limited liability partnership. If there is a relation between the members of a corporation then it would not be covered under this Act.(Partnership Act, 2016) Partnership business structure will suite them very well because of the following reasons: It is very simple to establish. Very less complications are there, so anyone can start their business in partnership.(How-to-start-a-business-guide.com, 2016) Funds can be raised very easily because no funds are required from the public as in the case of forming a company. There are three partners in this case, so one or two partners can contribute funds and can start the business very quickly. Then even the profit sharing ratio of the partner contributing more will be higher than others. Prospective employees would get attracted to the business if option is given to them to become a partner. It is always very cost effective since each partner specializes in certain aspects of the business. It would benefit from the combination of complementary skills of two or more people and it always have a wider pool of knowledge and skills. It would also provide moral support to the partners and would also create creative brainstorming. Liabilities of a partner are also explained in the Partnership Act 1963. As per Section 13 of the Partnership Act 1963, each and every single partner is jointly and severally liable for the debts and obligations of the firm.(Partership Act, 2016) If any one of the partners dies then the partners estate would be liable for debts and obligations. But a general partner would only be liable to the extent the partnership cannot satisfy the debts and obligations or as per the partnership agreement. A very good example can be given of Red Cross Australia. Red Cross Australia is a very powerful partner for business. Hence in the given case of Jack, Jill and Max partnership would be the best business structure. Now they must have a partnership agreement among them and in that deed all the rules and regulations relating to partnership must be mentioned. The case study which can be referred for partnership is of NGV and Bank of Melbourne and Melbourne Theatre Company. These are the very two popular partnership firms which should be set as an example of partnership.(Creative Partnership Australia, 2016) This case is about a company named as Child Toys Supreme Pty Ltd who makes and sells cheap childrens toys in Australia. News came out throughout Australia that the plastic chemical used to make the toys is very harmful. Betty was a salesperson of the company; he had promised to the retail customers that the toys dont have any harmful plastic chemicals. But the news which had spread earlier was true and due to this retail customers were losing sales. Due to the harmful chemical a child was seriously injured and so appropriate action needs to be taken against the company.(Australian Government, 2016) As per Competition and Consumer Act 2010 whenever a consumer buys a product then those products comes with automatic guarantee that they would work and do whatever they have been asked for. But if the product does not fulfil what is expected from it then consumer have consumer rights against the company. In Australia since 1st January 2011, following consumer guarantees must be given on all products and services:(Competition and Consumer Commission, 2016) Safe, lasting, with no faults. Look acceptable Do all the things someone would normally accept them to do. If all the above mentioned things are not therein the product then consumers have the right to get a refund if the product is unsafe. It is clearly said in the Competition Law that if the product does not comply with the customer guarantee then customers has the right to take action against the company. Customers also have the rights to claim compensation for damages and loss which was caused by the safety defect in the product which was supplied by the manufacturer. Generally in these cases manufacturers are liable but if it is difficult to identify the manufacturer then retailers would be held liable. They need to pay damages to the customers. (Competition and Consumer Commission, 2016) As per Section 133H of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 if the court is satisfied that the goods are not safe or it is providing harm to customers then the court can give an order to the inspector to search the premises and such goods or even destroy it. Company must also pay damage charges to the persons who had suffered due to defective goods.(Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, 2016). As per the laws discussed above the actions which was taken by Betty was not at all correct. He knew that the product was not safe and has some chemical elements which were harmful. One child also got hurt because of this chemical element in the toy. This means company has not fulfilled the Product Safety Law, and so customers have the right to take action against the company and claim compensation for the damage. Company first need to fire Betty and then company is liable to pay all the damage charges to the concerned person. In this case Bettys act was intentional and so he must be fired. Charles was the operation manager of the Child Toys Supreme Pty Ltd. He knew about the identity and requirements of all the major clients since he was in the senior position. He wanted to retire in the month of March. As per the employment contract he had agreed that he would not compete against the company for two years. But within two months of his retirement he started his own company with his wife May. His company was also doing the same business as his previous company. Charles and his wife are the sole shareholders of the company and then they had also offered customers of Child Toys Pty Ltd to sell their own toys. This shows that Charles had violated the employment agreement.(CoolJagron, 2016) As per Australian Employment Law when an employee joins a company then many companies make its employee to sign an employment contract. The terms and conditions of the contract can by anything but it should not be against the Labour Laws in Australia. Contracts can either be in the form of written document or entirely oral. In Australia generally company enter into employment contract with its employees who provides for benefits in excess of the minimum terms and conditions of employment. If an employee has signed a contract with the company that he cannot carry out the same business after he resigns then he cannot do the business as per the terms mentioned in the contract. But if he does the same then he has to cease the operations of the business immediately. But if the contract was signed after his joining then this contract would not be applicable. This contract would only be applicable when it was signed before his joining. (KL Gates, 2016) In this case Charles has signed a contract with the company that he would not compete against the company for two years. There was nothing mentioned that when the contract was signed. It is assumed that the contract was signed before his joining. Now since contract was signed before his joining, he needs to seize the operations of his business. If he did not seize its operations then company can take legal action against him and his new company. Company has the right to go to the court and courts decision would also be in the favour of the company. The case is very similar to the case of Nikolich v Goldman Sachs (2006) where the Court held that the company policy which was sent to the employee at the time of letter of appointment formed part of the employment contract with the employee. At the end court had awarded Mr. Nikolich over a half million dollars in compensation.(Maurice Blackburn, 2016) . Bibliography Anon., 2016. Austii.edu.au. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/pa1963154/s6.html [Accessed 29th August 2016]. Australian Government, 2016. Autsrlian Consumer Law. [Online] Available at: https://www.cbs.sa.gov.au/assets/files/product_safety_guide.pdf [Accessed 29th August 2016]. Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, 2016. Competition and Consumer Act 2010. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/s133h.html [Accessed 29th August 2016]. Competition and Consumer Commission, 2016. Consumer Guarantees. [Online] Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/consumers/consumer-rights-guarantees/consumer-guarantees [Accessed 29th August 2016]. Competition and Consumer Commission, 2016. Product Safety. [Online] Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/business/treating-customers-fairly/product-safety [Accessed 29th August 2016]. CoolJagron, 2016. Employement Contracts. [Online] Available at: https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/11_05_03_employment_contracts/ [Accessed 29th August 2016]. Creative Partnership Australia, 2016. Creativepartnershipsaustralia. [Online] Available at: https://www.creativepartnershipsaustralia.org.au/news/the-top-10-case-studies [Accessed 29th August 2016]. How-to-start-a-business-guide.com, 2016. how-to-start-a-business-guide.com. [Online] Available at: https://www.how-to-start-a-business-guide.com/partnership-advantages.html [Accessed 29th August 2016]. KL Gates, 2016. Employment Law. [Online] Available at: https://www.klgates.com/files/Upload/DoingBusinessInAustralia_Employment_Law.PDF [Accessed 29th August 2016]. Maurice Blackburn, 2016. Breach of employment contract. [Online] Available at: https://www.mauriceblackburn.com.au/employment-contracts/breach-of-employment-contract/ [Accessed 29th August 2016]. Partership Act, 2016. Austii.edu.au. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/pa1963154/s13.html [Accessed 2016 August 2016]. Partnership Act, 2016. Austii.edu.au. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/pa1963154/s6.html [Accessed 29th August 2016].

Stalins 5 Year Plan Essay Example For Students

Stalins 5 Year Plan Essay Stalin was born in 1879 and died 1953. He was the leader of Russia and wanted to industrialize it because they were behind most of the other countries. A quote that Stalin made was We are 100 years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this lag in ten years. Either we do it, or they crush us! In order to bring Russia up to the current level of industry he employed a variety of different ideas to help Russia. Stalin was a tyrannical leader and did what he had to do to keep Russia from falling more and more behind the more industrialized countries. He would kill many people if had to, and he did. We will write a custom essay on Stalins 5 Year Plan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In 1928 Stalin started the first of 2 five-year plans. For the first five-year plan Stalin forced farmers and industry to modernize. The Soviet economy was concentrated in agriculture. By the mid-1920s there were about 25 million farms in the Soviet Union but many produced only enough to feed the families who worked them. The more successful peasants were called kulaks. In 1929 Joseph Stalin introduce a campaign to liquidate the kulaks as a class in order to collectivize agriculture. He felt that once the peasants saw the benefits of modern agriculture, they would join the state-run collective farms. They were more stubborn than Stalin expected. They were unwilling to sell their products at the low prices. They destroyed their livestock, tools and burned their crops or let them rot in the fields. Between 1929 and 1934 the number of cattle in the country dropped from 58 million to 33.5 million. The number of horses dropped from 32.6 million to 17.3 million. Livestock totals did not re ach their pre-Five Year Plan levels again until the mid-1950s. Stalin was unhappy with this so he sent diplomats (few) or just sent secret police or army units to deal with resisting cities, towns, or villages. In 1928 only 1.7% of the peasants were on collective farms but after the army or secret police came and persuaded them the total went up, in March 1930 there were 58%. By the end of the 1930s there was a total of 99% of peasants working or in someway helping collective farms. When there were whole towns that refused or were more successful on there own they were killed. In some ways the First five-year plan was better than the Second Five-year plan. From 1928 to 1933 (1st 5-year plan) coal production steadily rose from 30 million metric tons to 90 million metric tons and coal stayed pretty much at zero. However livestock dropped drastically from the 30 million range to only about 15 million animals. Wheat was almost always fluctuating down and up but in the end there was more produced than at the beginning of the 1st five-year plan. In the second five-year plan Russia was a bit more productive. Coal went up to 150 million tons by the end of the 2nd five-year plan (ending 1938) and livestock went up but it wasnt nearly as close to the original amount. Wheat increased and went up at a good rate and then dropped off close to 1938 but not by much. European History Essays

Chipmunk Facts (Subfamily Xerinae)

Chipmunk Facts (Subfamily Xerinae) Chipmunks are small, ground-dwelling rodents known for stuffing their cheeks with nuts. They belong to the squirrel family Sciuridae and the subfamily Xerinae. The common name of chipmunk probably derived from the Ottawa jidmoonh, which means red squirrel or one who descends trees headlong. In English, the word was written as chipmonk or chipmunk. Fast Facts: Chipmunk Scientific Name: Subfamily Xerinae (e.g., Tamius striatus)Common Names: Chipmunk, ground squirrel, striped squirrelBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 4-7 inches with a 3-5 inch tailWeight: 1-5 ouncesLifespan: 3 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Forests of North America and northern AsiaPopulation: Abundant, stable or declining population (depends on species)Conservation Status: Endangered to Least Concern (depends on species) Species There are three chipmunk genera and 25 species. Tamias striatus is the eastern chipmunk. Eutamias sibiricus is the Siberian chipmunk. The genus Neotamias includes 23 species, mostly found in western North America and collectively known as western chipmunks. Description According to National Geographic, chipmunks are the smallest members of the squirrel family. The largest chipmunk is the eastern chipmunk, which can reach 11 inches in body length with a 3 to 5 inch tail and weigh up to 4.4 ounces. Other species, on average, grow to 4 to 7 inches in length with a 3 to 5 inch tail and weigh between 1 and 5 ounces. A chipmunk has short legs and a bushy tail. Its fur is usually reddish brown on the upper body and paler on the lower body, with black, white, and brown stripes running down its back. It has pouches in its cheeks which are used to transport food. Chipmunks have cheek pouches they fill with food. Frank Cezus, Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Chipmunks are ground-dwelling mammals that prefer rocky, deciduous wooded habitats. The eastern chipmunk lives in southern Canada and the eastern United States. Western chipmunks inhabit the western United States and much of Canada. The Siberian chipmunk lives in northern Asia, including Siberia in Russia and Japan. Diet Like other squirrels, chipmunks cannot digest cellulose in wood, so they obtain nutrients from an omnivorous diet. Chipmunks forage throughout the day for nuts, seeds, fruit, and buds. They also eat produce farmed by humans, including grains and vegetables, as well as worms, bird eggs, small arthropods, and small frogs. Behavior Chipmunks use their cheek pouches to transport and store food. The rodents dig burrows for nesting and torpor during the winter. They do not truly hibernate, as they awaken periodically to eat from their food caches. Adults mark territory with cheek scent glands and urine. Chipmunks also communicate using complex vocal sounds, ranging from a fast chittering sound to a croak. Baby chipmunks are born hairless and blind. legna69, Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring Chipmunks lead solitary lives except for breeding and raising young. They breed once or twice a year and have a 28- to 35-day gestation period. A typical litter ranges from 3 to 8 pups. Pups are born hairless and blind and only weigh between 3 and 5 grams (about the weight of a coin). The female is solely responsible for their care. She weans them around 7 weeks of age. Pups are independent by 8 weeks of age and sexually mature when they are 9 months old. In the wild, chipmunks have many predators. They may survive two or three years. In captivity, chipmunks may live eight years. Conservation Status Most chipmunk species are classified as least concern by the IUCN and have stable populations. This includes the eastern and Siberian chipmunk. However, some species of western chipmunk are endangered or have decreasing populations. For example, Bullers chipmunk (Neotamias bulleri) is listed as vulnerable and Palmers chipmunk (Neotamias palmeri) is listed as endangered. Threats include habitat fragmentation and loss and natural disasters, such as forest fires. Some people keep chipmunks as pets. Carlos Ciudad Photos, Getty Images Chipmunks and Humans Some people consider chipmunks to be garden pests. Others keep them as pets. While chipmunks are intelligent and affectionate, there are some drawbacks to keeping them in captivity. They may bite or become aggressive, they mark scent using their cheeks and urine, and care must be taken to accommodate their hibernation schedule. In the wild, chipmunks generally do not carry rabies. However, some in the western United States carry plague. While wild chipmunks are friendly and cute, its best to avoid contact, especially if they appear sick. Sources Cassola, F. Tamias striatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 (errata version published in 2017): e.T42583A115191543. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42583A22268905.enGordon, Kenneth Llewellyn.  The Natural History and Behavior of the Western Chipmunk and the Mantled Ground Squirrel.  Oregon, 1943.Kays, R. W.; Wilson, Don E. Mammals of North America (2nd ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 72, 2009. ISBN 978-0-691-14092-6.Patterson, Bruce D.; Norris, Ryan W. Towards a uniform nomenclature for ground squirrels: the status of the Holarctic chipmunks. Mammalia. 80 (3): 241–251, 2016. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2015-0004Thorington, R.W., Jr.; Hoffman, R.S. Tamias (Tamias) striatus. In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.), 2005. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 817. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

Squat Lobsters

Squat Lobsters In their book The Biology of Squat Lobsters, Poor, et. al. say that despite the fact that many have not heard of them,  squat lobsters are far from hidden. They say they are dominant, numerous and highly visible crustaceans on seamounts, continental margins, many shelf environments and coral reefs at all depths, and at hydrothermal vents. These often colorful animals  are also featured in many underwater photos and video. Squat Lobster Species There are over 900 species of squat lobsters, and it is thought that there are  many more yet to be discovered. One of the most famous squat lobsters in recent times is the yeti crab, which was discovered during surveys conducted in conjunction with the Census of Marine Life.   Identification Squat lobsters are small, often colorful animals. They can be less than one inch to about 4 inches  in length, depending upon the species.  Squat lobsters have 10 legs. The first pair of legs are  very long and contain  claws.   The three pairs of legs after that are used for walking. The fifth pair has small claws and may be used for cleaning gills. This fifth pair of legs is much smaller than the legs in true crabs.    Squat lobsters have a short abdomen that is  folded under their body.  Unlike lobsters and crayfish, squat lobsters dont have true uropods (the appendages that form the tail fan).   Lobster Cocktail? Squat lobsters are in the  infraorder  Anomura - many of the animals in this  infraorder  are called crabs, but they are not true crabs. They arent lobsters, either. In fact, squat lobsters are more closely related to hermit crabs than to lobsters (e.g., the American lobster). In the seafood world, they may be marketed as  langostino  lobsters (langostino  is Spanish for prawn) and even sold as shrimp cocktail. Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Crustacea Class: Malacostraca Subclass: Eumalacostraca Order: Decapoda Infraorder: Anomura Families: Chirostylidae and Galatheidae Habitat and Distribution Squat lobsters live in oceans around the world, with the exception of the coldest Arctic and Antarctic waters.   They can be found on sandy bottoms and hidden in rocks and crevices. They also may be found in the deep sea around seamounts, hydrothermal vents  and in underwater canyons. Feeding Depending on the species, squat lobsters may eat plankton, detritus or dead animals.   Some feed on bacteria at hydrothermal vents. Some (e.g.,  Munidopsis  andamanica) are even specialized to eat wood from sunken trees and shipwrecks.   Reproduction The reproductive habits of squat lobsters are not well known. Like other crustaceans, they lay eggs. The eggs hatch into larvae that eventually develop into juvenile, and then adult, squat lobsters.   Conservation and Human Uses Squat lobsters are relatively small, so fisheries around them have not developed in many areas. However, as mentioned above, they may be harvested and sold as cocktail shrimp or in lobster dishes, and can be  used as feed stock for chickens and at fish farms. References and Further Information Aquarium of the Pacific. Squat Lobster. Accessed April 29, 2014.Bok, M. 2010. Wood-eating Squat Lobsters of the Deep. Arthropoda Blog. Accessed April 29, 2014.Kilgour, M. 2008. Squat Lobsters: More Questions Than Answers. NOAA Ocean Explorer. Accessed May 5, 2014.  McLaughlin, P., S. Ahyong J.K. Lowry (2002 onwards). Anomura: Families. Version: 2 October 2002. http://crustacea.net.Poor, G., Ahyong, S. and J. Taylor. 2011. The Biology of Squat Lobsters. Accessed online via Google Books, April 29, 2014.Schmidt, C. 2007. No Matter What You Call It, Squat Isnt Lobster. Wild Catch Magazine. Accessed April 29, 2014.WoRMS. 2014. Anomura. Accessed through World Register of Marine Species, May 5, 2014.

The Social Impact of Two Artwork Collections Case Study

The Social Impact of Two Artwork Collections - Case Study Example This leads to the question that needs answers, which is: what does art research contribute to the society? The question can also query what the influence or the impacts of arts research are, outside the circles of academic work. Through the exploration of two artwork collections, the impact should be demonstrated in social, economic, and cultural circles. Through this paper, the author will demonstrate the social impact of the exhibitions created by two artists; more attention will be offered to the reactions and the responses of visitors. This study will be used to explore the role played by artworks and its impacts in the society. For this particular case study, the researcher will only focus on the social impact of artworks, as tools that can be used to drive change or to communicate a message within the society. A descriptive model will be used for this study. The study will rely on the reactions offered by the viewers of the two artworks, as well as a review of available literature about the two artworks used as the cases for the study. Through the combination of the information collected from different sources of literature, as well as the views offered by the visitors that viewed the two artworks After consolidating the information collected from the different sources, the author will consolidate the information into a unified set of conclusions, summarizing information about the intended audience, the intended outcomes, the role of the artworks in society and also the impacts of the works. Through the review of the literature, it was found that the ‘translation’ exhibition was developed by Jim Pattison, who is a lecturer at the School of Fine Art, at the University of Dundee (University of Dundee). The research of Jim Pattison took more than ten years, focusing on the translation of information and images using digital equipment, entailing the remodeling and the transformation of  the virtual images captured during his exposure to medical procedures.  

Econ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Econ - Essay Example This paper will look at the law of supply and demand and how it is applied in real life. The law of supply and demand is perhaps the most basic concepts taught in economics class. The law of supply and demand enables us to understand the setting of quantity demanded and price set in the market. It also stresses that the price level and quantity demanded varies according to changes in the markets through which there are movements within or shifts in demand and supply curves. First, the law of supply stresses that: (1) "at higher prices, producers are willing to offer more products for sale than at lower prices;" (2) "the supply increases as prices increases and decreases as prices decreases;" and (3) "those already in business will try to increase production as a way of increasing profits" (qtd from Reviews of Laws of Supply and Demand 1). This law creates a supply curve which is upward sloping. Logically speaking, manufacturers will tend to decide to supply more in the market if the price for their product is high. With lower prices, they have less motivation to increase production as profits are squeezed out. On the other hand, the law of demand states that: (1) "people will buy more of a product at a lower price than at a higher price;" (2) "at a lower price, more people can afford to buy more goods and more of an item more frequently, than they can at a higher price;" and (3) "at lower prices, people tend to buy some goods as a substitute for other more expensive"(qtd from Reviews of Laws of Supply and Demand 2). These reasons are consistent with the fact that people want to maximize utility through the consumption of more goods and services. Since they only have limited income, their overall aim is to find lower prices or lower priced goods in order to allocate this budget most efficiently. The law of demand and supply determines the price charged and the quantity demanded in the market. Through market forces, the prices tend to be at equilibrium where suppliers are willing to sell goods and buyers would be willing to pay at that level. With this intersection also is the quantity demanded which determines the amount that buyers are willing to buy and suppliers are willing to provide the market with. The operation of the law of supply and demand becomes more apparent in the present economic situation in the US. As customers struggle with lower income levels, they tend to buy lower priced goods than higher priced ones. This is true in my case; price becomes one of the primary considerations in my purchases because I would want to maximize the utility that I derive from my money. Also, I would demand more of a product if the price is lower. For instance, since burgers cost $4, I would only have to consume 1 in order to have money for drinks. However, if the price goes down to $2 each, then I will be willing to purchase two burgers. For a supplier, prices now also become more constraining. They wouldn't want to sell products which will not be profitable for them. Using the burger example and assumption of $4 as the equilibrium price, suppliers would be willing to supply 20 burgers at that level. Raise the price to $5 and they would say that they would even want to supply 30 or more because of the profit prospect. If prices decline to $2, then they might

The Medieval Church Essay Example for Free

The Medieval Church Essay Lingberg and Duffy have a different look on The Medieval Church in the middle Ages. Unfortunately though, the church is often regarded as the capital of corruption, evil, and worldliness. An overview of the crisis concerned with farming, famine and the Black Death. I thought Lindberg was more persuasive than Duffy because of how he thought about farming, famine and the Black Death. As the Medieval church did offer many opportunities for ordinary people, makes us think they did not really cared about religion at all. The King needed the medieval church for political reasons, he did think about religion too. The medieval church offered salvation, for people to confess their sins to the priest. In medieval times people needed to go to heaven the only way was through the church. People were not allowed to think differently to what church had taught them, People were told that God had willed it; they needed religion and explanations to survive. The Church was really important in Medieval times than it is now. In those days people needed Church and religion to get their way through life. The Church controlled everyone even the King. It was important to people because it provided education for ordinary people, the priests gave advice, care and leisure in addition to religion. People needed priests to marry, baptize and bury them, without the church there would be no priests to do that. This shows that the Church was important to people in medieval ages. As we know not many people believe in heaven and hell now, but almost everyone believed in them in medieval ages. Everyone wanted to go to heaven when they died. They followed the church’s rules because it was the only way; they had to confess to their sins to the priest, for forgiveness from God. The church was more important to the king. He needed it to do coronations because they were religious ceremonies. Recognition by the church was important for Kings in the Middle Ages their reputation counted on it. People who were banned from the church and the kings were known as social outcasts. Duffy argues that the churches were directly tied into politics and laws of the land, there was very little distinction between what was holy and what was not. Much of the church was constructed of people who were wealthy and in positions of power; this was an avenue to  exercise that power was a bit more. They were abundant in the church and were a major part of that mindset that one’s work can get them into heaven. Much of the reform brought about by Martin Luther challenged the notion of purgatory, and therefore the significance of indulgences the way the church was misusing them. As many things define the distinct characteristics of history, the Christian church has made a remarkable milestone especially during the Middle Ages. Christianitys emergence as an official religion influenced not only the church, it enabled people to look beyond the obsession of power and worldly pleasures, but to a final and ultimate reward for a life well spent. Everybody put their faith in the hope and love of the Christian God. It gave the people goals and led them to the right path, yet why is it looked down upon so harshly? Maybe it was because of the wealth it exemplified, or the deterioration of morality in the popes. A contemporary account states: â€Å"The money was indeed the thing that killed the Jews. If they had been poor and if the feudal lords had not been in debt to them, they would not have been burnt† (Marcus 1973: 47). One can heedlessly conclude that the Medieval church was corrupt and unholy, but that would not justify its existence. Accordingly, the church was just trying to adjust itself to an age of chaos and uncertainty. Lindberg argued that along with the monetary benefits indulgence held for the church, there was a psychological component which kept the faithful in a state of fear of purgatory or even worse hell. This was one of the major abuses and signs of corruption in the Medieval Church. The Reformation more often emphasizes its social dimension, going beyond the doctrinal issues that divided Europeans. Because religion helped shape every aspect of European life, the practices of the new churches caused major changes. Duffys argues that the English Reformation was inevitable nor that it was the sole means by which the cause of human freedom could progress. Sacramental ceremonies from baptism to last rites had long marked key moments in the lives, families and communities. By abolishing or changing the sacraments, the Medieval Church challenged the social meaning of these rituals. This shattered older understandings about sexuality and personal holiness and led to intensified debate about the role of women in society resistance. Poor relief and charity meant something different when they no longer served as rich peoples way to perform penance. The idea that the medieval church was  immoral. Maybe putting together one thousand years of the history of the church with a disregard to any historical development may represent the medieval church as a corrupt institution, but still it is not necessary to go as far as to say that the church was corrupt. It is also worth noting that not all contemporaries who were interested in the reformation joined Luther in his famous feature, the Reformation. With this in mind, Luther and other reformers are usually credited with bringing the church back to the New Testament ideal, which is not necessarily the case. The Reformation in particular seems all the more worthy of when we realize that it may not have been merely an inevitable reaction to a corrupt Church but instead maybe a spontaneous movement, simultaneous or nearly so with similar movements that reformed politics and economics in equally radical ways. Works Cited Lindberg, Carter. The European Reformations. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2010. Print.

Careful Media Selection Contributes to a Successful Campaign for British Airways :: Business Management Studies

Careful Selection of Media Contributes to a Successful Campaign for British Airways Within BA they understand that the most powerful tool to getting a persuasive message across is through media advertisement, media advertisement allows BA’s message to capture wide audiences depending which type of media it is. The media can contribute mass target audiences which is very useful for objectives like increasing customers and capturing wider target groups this means in other words getting BA’s message across to wide range of the population. Depending on the type of media advertisement enables BA to get recognized as well as lets the public know about their activities, but different media has different effects and can attract certain people this means in other words the contribution of the different media has certain results like for example when advertising in a sports magazine the message gets to that magazines audiences which might be 18 – 35 healthy living individuals. By using different and more than one advertising media helps the company to attract different and wider target groups, which will then help them to get a successful campaign through effectively communicating to their target groups. There are different types of advertisement media that companies use to communicate to their customers and potential customers, each of the different types of media has an advantage which can help promotional campaigns to be more accurate in getting messages across to target groups. The different advertisement medias are: Â · Newspaper advertisements – this type of advertisement contributes to a campaign a clear message whether it is through an image or simple text, it helps promotional campaigns to reach newsreaders depending on the type of newspaper (local, or national). A local newspaper enables the BA to communicate to local residents readers this means in other words through local newspapers this advertisement method helps BA’s promotional campaign to get publicity within the city or local residents. National newspaper like for example The Sun gets the message across to wider readers across UK to see BA’s advertisement. Newspaper media advertisement attracts readers such as older generation because they tend to read more than the younger generation. Â · TV advertisement – for BA this is the most effective way of advertisement and getting the message across to wider target groups, this methods contributes to the success of promotional campaign a visual expression of BA’s services by using color and live motion advertisement. This methods enables the individual person who is watching a description of the service that BA is advertising and visual features which might be appealing. The different audiences can be targeted through careful planning of what channel to advertise

Police Professionalism Essay

Professionalism refers to the skill, competence or standards expected of a member of a profession. It involves the adoption of a set of values and attitudes by members of an occupation that are consistent with a professional ideology. Professionalization is a process of legitimization an occupation goes through as it endeavors to improve its social status.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The various characteristics of a profession include the following (Roberg and Kuykendall, 1993). A well developed body of professional literature materials. A high degree of generalized and systematic knowledge with a theoretical base. This is achieved through research. A high degree of self control of behavior governed by a code of ethics. The code of ethics is a statement of values ensures a high quality of serving. It   Ã‚  also guarantees competency of membership, honor and integrity. The code is a direct expression of the profession’s principles of service orientation. It emphasizes no personal gain and protection of the client. Membership in professional organizations and associations. Dedication to self-improvement. Existence of a unique, identifiable academic field of knowledge attainable through education. There is a system of testing the competence of members.   Police professionalism has been a focal point in the past for police reformers. The ambiguity of the role of the police has however seriously hampered efforts to professionalize the police because deciding on the proper role of the police is a necessary step to outlining steps towards professionalism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Police professionalism can mean different things in different places and at different times making agreement on the requirement for a professional police force unlikely. Police professionalism may refer to police organizations as police officers, or both. Some police administrators refer to tangible improvements such as latest technology like computers and weaponry, as signs of professionalism. However this is not true in reference to the characteristics of professionalism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Currently the police are struggling to meet the requirements of a profession. Clearly there is a growing body of professional literature on the police. Some Journals like police studies and America journal of the police contain reports of police research. There are also penodicals and a rapid expanding number of government reports on police that contribute more information on police operations and organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A code of ethics for the police has been developed and modified by the International Association of heads of police. Although some police may be unfamiliar with its contents, indications show that many officers know the code exists. However the code of conduct offers little control over the police. This is because there is no professional standards committee that reviews and sanctions police for the violation of their own code. (Gaines, kappeler & Vaughn, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are a number of professional policed associations especially for chief executive officers. Organizations like Fraternal Order of the police are oriented toward rank-and-file officers as well but they have typically served as organizations and collective bargain agents. In recent years there has been expansion of professional organizations among police planners, investigators and others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On dedication to self-improvement, currently there are no national minimum standards for either departments or police personnel. Many states do not even allow training on a constant basis after completion of the basic training program. However among the progressive police personnel, there is an increased interest in establishing high police officer standards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A study in police has lately emerged. Many college-level academic programs in policing and criminal justice have emerged. Regardless of the quality of the programs and consensus on the topics covered in these programs, there is increasing number of officers earning undergraduate and graduate degrees in police science, law enforcement, and criminal justice programs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Regardless of these achievements however, attainment of police professionalism remains an elusive goal. Dedication to the attainment of professional standards exists among some police executives and totally lacks among many others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many officers resist this pursuit of professionalism on the basis that their jobs are blue collar shift works that involve little need for advanced education. This reduces dedication to self-improvement. In addition unionization of police officers sometimes inhibits progress toward professionalism. Therefore there cannot be a universal number that will accurately reflect the police personnel needs of all jurisdictions. There are various ways of determining the appropriate number of police personnel for a given jurisdiction (Roseberg & Kuykendall, 1993). These include; Intuitively. Comparatively. By workload. The intuitive approach involves little more than an educated guess and is often based on tradition (personnel numbers from previous years). The approach is based on the number of crimes cleared or total number of arrests. These means, many administrators may demand more police officers be hired as crime rates increase. However it is noted that differences in crime rates should not be attributed to variations in the number of police. The research conducted by Bayley, 1994 found out that increases in the number of police closely parallel increase in crime rates. People tend to hire more police when crime rates increase, but this has no effect on the rate of crime increase. Comparative approach involves comparing one or more urban centers like cities using the ratio of police officers per one thousand population units. If the comparison city has a higher ratio of police to population, it is assumed that an increase in personnel is justified to at least the level of the comparison city (Roseberg & Kuykendall, 1993). The exclusive use of this method to compute police personnel needs is not recommended. Communities have unique characteristics concerning areas covered, crime rates, economic strength, mile of roads and others. These have an impact on the quantity of personnel required to fulfill service requests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Workload requires a clear information system, expressed performance standards, well-elaborated community expectations and prioritization of police activities (Roberg & Kuykendall, 1993). The workload analysis of patrol usually involves various steps which include documenting total patrol workload occurring. Determining the time taken to handle the workload, translating the data into number of patrol officers required, determining the number of patrol officers needed on different days and times and how best to assign patrol officers to various areas (Cordner & Sheehan, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The computation of patrol workload is complicated by the issue of uncommitted crime. Sometimes measurement of police demand services can be based on â€Å"work generating† variable like citizen calls for police service and others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the workload analysis has been shown to be methodologically sound, few jurisdictions use this form. Administrators cite the cost, complexity of the formula and extensive data collection as the limitations that hinder using the workload formula. References Bayley, D. (1994). Police for the future. USA: Oxford University Press. Cordner, G. & Sheehan, R. (1999). Police Administration. USA: Anderson Pub. Co. Gaines, L., Kappeles, V. & Vaughn, J. (1999). Policing in America. USA: Anderson Pub. Co. Roberg, R., Kuykendall, L. (1993). Police and Society. USA: Wadsworth Pub. Co.

Drama Short Scene

CHARACTERS JENNA ROBERT GAS STATION ATTENDANT CHAPLIN [JENNA has been driving all night after a fight with her husband. JENNA leaves a truck stop with a cup of coffee and although it is not her nature to pick up hitch hikers, at this point she figures what is the worst that can happen? Death? Then so be it. ] ROBERT: Hey, can I get a ride? JENNA: Why not? Where are you headed? ROBERT: Oklahoma. JENNA: Okay. ROBERT: [Getting in car] Where are you from? Where are you going? JENNA: Jackson, Wyoming and Jackson, Wyoming ROBERT: Are you married? JENNA: Yes ROBERT: How far can you take me? JENNA: Twin Falls, Idaho.ROBERT: You have small breasts. Do you talk to spirits? JENNA: What? What do you mean? ROBERT: My girlfriend was small like you; she spoke to the spirits and became a double D overnight. JENNA: [White knuckled on the steering wheel] Where is your girlfriend? ROBERT: Oklahoma. JENNA: Do you work there? ROBERT: [Looking down at his lap] No, I blew up the oil truck I was driving bec ause I was angry. I got fired. I have no job and no money. I started my house on fire and burnt everything up. My girlfriend got mad at me because all her bras were burned. I am hoping she will forgive me when I get back to Oklahoma.When I get angry, I just snap. JENNA: [Tongue in cheek] Are you angry now? ROBERT: No, I feel better. Are you angry now? JENNA: No, just out for a drive. I love going for drives. ROBERT: Would your husband let me come home with you? You are so pretty. JENNA: Hmmm, sorry but I don’t think so. Oh, my gosh! ROBERT: What? JENNA: My radiator is overheating! ROBERT: Why? JENNA: I don’t know! But I need to stop and let it cool down. [JENNA pulls over and retrieves a book from the glove box. She is very nervous. ] ROBERT: What are you reading? JENNA: Just a story. ROBERT: I see the word kissing. Can I kiss you?JENNA: No, I don’t think that is a good idea. ROBERT: Ok. JENNA: [Starts the car. ] We will stop at the next gas station. ROBERT: Are you sure I can’t kiss you? JENNA: Don’t touch my leg again! ROBERT: Ok. JENNA: Stay in the car and I will go see if someone can help me. Or, maybe someone here can give you a ride directly to Oklahoma. ROBERT: No! I want to go with you! JENNA: Whatever, I will be right back. [JENNA walks into the gas station. Suddenly there is commotion in the parking lot. ] GAS STATION ATTENDANT: [Yelling at Jenna] Son of a bitch! If that antifreeze takes the paint off of the cars it sprayed on, your ass is grass!Your husband opened the radiator cap when it was hot! What in the hell is wrong with him? Stupid people! JENNA: He is not my husband and I am sorry. Can you look at my car and tell me why it is overheating? GAS STATION ATTENDANT: If it will get you the hell out of here! [JENNA waits nervously, hoping Robert will find a new ride and that there is nothing to serious wrong with her car. ] GAS STATION ATTENDANT: You need a new hose clamp, I have one. Twenty bucks. JENNA: Really? For a clamp? A little piece of metal? GAS STATION ATTENDANT: Take it or leave it. JENNA: I won’t have enough gas money to make it home!ROBERT: I can get you money for gas. JENNA: What? How? ROBERT: Trust me. JENNA: Ok, go ahead and fix the car. ROBERT: Trust me. JENNA: But how are you going to get money? ROBERT: Easy we will just ask for the chaplin. JENNA: What? What in the hell are you talking about? ROBERT: Trust me. JENNA: [Getting into the car] We only have about an hour to Twin Falls. ROBERT: Will you kiss me then? JENNA: No! ROBERT: Ok. JENNA: So tell me how your girlfriend received her double d breasts. ROBERT: It is simple. You pray to the body spirit, the breast spirit and the cosmetic spirit and the next day you will have big breasts.You really could use a little more you know. JENNA: Robert, with all due respect, I think your girlfriend got implants and lied to you. ROBERT: [Grabbing Jenna’s arm. ] She did not lie! I prayed with her! She got the gift! Do y ou understand me? JENNA: Please let go of me. I believe you. [Quietness the rest of the way. ] JENNA: We are here. Now what? Where do you want me to go? ROBERT: Find the police department. JENNA: Ok. [They drove around until they found the police department. ] JENNA: Here it is. Now what? ROBERT: Come with me. JENNA: Do I have to?ROBERT: [Waving her on into the police department] Can I speak to the chaplain please? CHAPLAIN: What can I do for you my son? ROBERT: She needs a gas voucher and I need a bus ticket to Oklahoma. We are stranded and are trying to get home. The car broke down a ways back and we have no money. I am hungry. CHAPLAIN: Have a seat please. JENNA: It looks like you have done this before. ROBERT: [Scowling] That is my business. JENNA: Ok. CHAPLAIN: Ok, here is a gas voucher for fifteen dollars that you can use at the Standard station right up the road and here is your bus ticket voucher along with a voucher for a hot dog and a soda.ROBERT: Thank you. Do you pray to the breast spirits? CHAPLAIN: Just be on your way now. Blessings to you. [Jenna drives to the bus station. ] JENNA: Here you go Robert. Have a safe trip. Thank you for helping me get enough gas to get home. Bye. See ya. ROBERT: Will you wait for the bus with me? JENNA: I really need to head home Robert. Thanks again. ROBERT: [Grabs Jenna’s arm and leans into her face] You will wait with me or I will pray to the death spirits to take your breath away. If I have to help them I will. JENNA: [Trembling] Ok Robert, I will wait with you.ROBERT: [At the bus window] A ticket to Oklahoma City please. A hot dog, soda and a cookie for her. JENNA: Oh no, that is alright. ROBERT: Eat it! JENNA: Ok. ROBERT: Here comes the bus. JENNA: Ok, let’s go. ROBERT: [Boarding the bus] But I want to go with you Jenna. Please? JENNA: Robert just board the bus. Your girlfriend is waiting for you. ROBERT: Ok but will you wait until the bus leaves? JENNA: Sure ROBERT: Good bye. [Jenna watches as t he bus pulls away, Robert waving goodbye. She goes back to her car. ] JENNA: [Sitting behind the wheel] Dear spirit of protection†¦ [She drives away. ]

How to Write a Teaching Interview Thank You Note

How to Write a Teaching Interview Thank You Note Congratulations! You just completed your teaching job interview. But, you are not done yet. It is essential that you write a thank you letter immediately after. While a thank you note wont get you hired, not sending one could cause you to move further down the potential employee list.  A thank you letter is your last chance for the school to learn about you, and why should be chosen for the job. Obviously, you should focus on thanking the person or persons with whom you talked. However, it should also make it clear why you are qualified for the job. It is a good idea to have everything ready for your thank you note before the interview even happens including the address and the stamp. This way, you may make any last minute corrections to e-mail addresses or the spelling of names. Being prepared in this way can also help you be familiar with names in advance. As soon as you can after the interview, sit down and try to recall the questions that were asked. Think about how you answered, and what points you did or may not have  included.   This letter can be a perfect opportunity to reiterate your educational philosophy in a succinct manner or to clarify any question you think may be necessary. You may want to point out any qualifications that were not mentioned in the interview itself that you feel are important. Writing a thank you letter can also help to assuage your concerns that you forgot to mention, for example, your proficiency with technology, or that you are willing to work as a coach after school. All this reflection immediately after the interview is why you should not draft your note in advance. An effective thank you note must be based on what actually happened in the interview. Finally, be sure to send your thank you letter as soon as possible, no later than two business days. Tips and Advice for Writing a Wonderful Thank You Letter Following are some excellent tips and hints that you can use to help you write great thank you letters. In most instances, it is best to type your thank you letter. It is also acceptable to send your letter as an email. This allows the letter to get there quickly.  If you were interviewed by more than one person, you should make the effort to write a letter to each person involved.Do check out the format of thank you letters, such as the examples on the Purdue Owl Writing Lab website.Make sure to directly address the interviewer in the greeting of the letter. Never use To Whom It May Concern.Include at least three short paragraphs, but keep the letter to one page. You may consider the following outline:​The first paragraph should be dedicated one to thanking the interviewer.Use the second paragraph to talk about your skills.Use the last paragraph to repeat your thanks, and let them know you are looking forward to hearing from them soon.Avoid using a thank you template directly from books or the internet as these can be too generic. You do not want your interviewer to think tha t you are only sending the thank you because you are supposed to. Your thank you letter needs to be specific to the job (grade/subject) for which you interviewed. If you say that you are qualified for the job, back it up with a specific reason from your own resume. You can also reiterate points that you made in the interview to back up your claims. This can help the interviewer remember specific aspects of your interview.Keep your tone confident in the letter. Do not mention any weaknesses that you are afraid you might have revealed during the interview.Do not send a gift with your thank you note. This can make you seem desperate and will most probably have the opposite effect of what you hope.Do not put pressure on the interviewer about when you need to hear back by. In almost all cases, you are not in the power position, and this will make you seem pushy.Avoid outright personal flattery in your letter.It is truly important that you carefully proofread your letter. Check spelling and grammar. Make sure that you have the correct spelling of the interviewer. Nothing could be worse than sending an email to someone with their name spelled incorre ctly.

How to Write About Extracurriculars on College Applications

How to Write About Extracurriculars on College Applications SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the trickiest parts of the Common App is understanding how to make the most of the extracurricular activity section. You might have a ton of activities - or not very many - and be wondering how you should write about your activities to impress college admissions readers. If you’ve felt stumped by what you’re supposed to do in this section and how to make the most of your very limited space, read on. In this guide I will tell you: How many extracurricular activities you should list How to choose which activities to list How to write about your extracurriculars But before we get into that, you may be wondering... Why Do You Need Extracurricular Activities in the First Place? Colleges love to see that students are active, contributing members of their communities. Even more importantly, they love to see students who are developing their talents and passions. When a student is actively involved in the community and other activities in high school, there is a good chance that they will be doing something similar in college. Universities like to be known as hubs of activity, charity, and culture, and it’s largely the students that make them that way. Because of this, the activities section of the Common App is very important. It’s your chance to show the admissions officers how you will become an actively contributing member of their school community. Remember that almost anything that you are actively and productively involved in can be considered an extracurricular activity. This includes things like having a job or taking care of family members. For the Common App, you'll need to reflect on what you have learned from your activities and how they have helped you develop. Admissions officers are going to be particularly interested in seeing how you have been involved in leadership positions and that you have dedicated a significant amount of time and energy to your activities. You know why you need extracurriculars and what the admissions officers most want to see. But do you know how many of them you need for your application? Want to build the best possible college application with a real expert? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. How Many Activities Should You List on the Common App? It’s time to seriously start looking at the application and what should and shouldn't be included under the activities section. The Common App gives you room to write about ten of your activities. But What If You Don’t Have 10 Activities? That’s absolutely fine. You don’t need to panic or try to make up activities just to fill in the blanks. In fact, college admissions advisors would prefer to see a few activities that you've made a significant dedication to than several activities that you've had lesser involvement in. It would be much better to show significant involvement, leadership, and personal development in two or three activities than it would be to write about ten activities that you were hardly involved in because you spread yourself too thin. A great looking application could have between one and three activities showing significant involvement (depending on the number of hours dedicated to each), and a few other activities with a lower level of involvement. These would likely either be from your earlier years in high school before you figured out what you were really passionate about, or a lesser interest that you have dedicated a couple hours a week to. What If You Have Too Many Activities? This will only really be a problem for a few people, though many might initially think it’s an issue. Admissions officers only want to see the activities that you have been engaged in significantly. There’s no hard and fast definition for what â€Å"significant involvement† looks like, but most people can work it out. If you helped out at your church’s pancake breakfast one year, that really doesn’t need to go on your application. But if you have volunteered at the hospital for 10 hours a week every week for four years, that definitely counts as significant involvement. In other words, you need to be looking for quality over quantity. Instead of aiming to fill each blank with something inconsequential just to have it filled, make sure that everything you include reflects a significant time investment and an experience that you learned from. You can often combine multiple activities under one heading if none of them is individually significant enough, or if you need to save space. Let’s say you play volleyball. You've been on the JV team at school for four years, you play club volleyball in the off-season, and every summer you both do volleyball camps and help coach camps for younger players. If you are running out of room, feel free to lump all of those together on the application as one activity. Finally, make sure you're not confusing academic awards with extracurricular activities. For example, many good students are accepted into the National Honors Society every year. If you've been accepted and that’s the extent of your involvement, list it as an academic honor. On the other hand, if you've been accepted, got elected as the president of your school chapter, organized weekly meetings, and planned several volunteer activities throughout the year, list it as an activity. What if you legitimately have more than ten activities you have been significantly involved in, and you feel your application would be incomplete without them? Never fear! The Common App does have an â€Å"Additional Information† section, and this is the place to let admissions officers know about these really important things that you couldn’t fit elsewhere. Just make sure they really are important! They’ll be rolling their eyes if you insisted on filling out this section to talk about the one hour you spent working at the pancake breakfast three years ago. Still not quite sure how you should choose from among your many activities? Read on for a step-by-step explanation of how to pick what activities you should write about, and how you should list them on your application. Step-by-Step Guide to Choosing Your Activities This part of the application is difficult because you have to convey a lot of information in a relatively small space. It’s important to brainstorm ahead of time to make sure that you'll be able to make the most of this section. Step 1: Write Down Your Activities On a piece of paper, write down a list of your activities. These can be almost anything that you have done in high school, from sports, to organized clubs, to outside hobbies and interests, to work or community service. For each activity, make sure you write down: The name of the organization where you did the activity (if applicable). A description of what you did. Feel free to go in-depth and fully explain your involvement. Did you attend meetings? Classes? Did you organize any activities? Write down any leadership roles you had – meaning any time you were responsible for the actions of other people, or had responsibilities beyond just being a participant. These do not need to be official. If you ran the meetings but didn’t have an official title, still write it down. Also include any achievements or special responsibilities you had. Were there any special projects that you did or were in charge of? If so, what specifically did you do? This can be a one-time thing (like organizing a food drive) or something more long-term, such as running a tutoring clinic throughout the school year. What were the dates that you participated in the activity? How many hours per week did you do? Your examples might look like this: Soccer Team: Member of my high school's soccer team, played forward position. JV team two years, Varsity team two years. Lead goal scorer my junior year. In charge of spring fundraiser that raised $800 to cover team travel costs. Animal Shelter Volunteer: Freshman through junior year. Volunteered 10 hours a week taking care of cats and dogs, cleaning cages, feeding animals, and interviewing potential owners at my local animal shelter. Received "Volunteer of the Month" award in May 2017. Outdoors Club: Member for four years, vice president my senior year. Attended and helped run weekly meetings as well as weekend events. Responsible for planning over 15 outdoor-related events that helped students experience the outdoors and get to know one another better. Step 2: Number Your Activities From Most Important to Least Important Base this off the amount of time you dedicated to the project, your leadership in the activity, and how important the activity has been for developing a passion or pursuing a future goal. Important note: Make sure that the order you put them in is the order of importance they have for you according to your passions and interests. Don’t just try to guess what the admissions officers want to see, because the whole point is to show off what is important to you. Why is this important? This is going to the be order that you list your activities on the application. It’s important that you put what’s most important to you at the top of the list so that you make it as obvious as possible to the college admissions officers. Don’t make them hunt through your list to see what your best contributions and activities are! Step 3: Have Your Parents or Friends Read Over Your List This is not only to check that you've remembered everything correctly, such as the dates and time commitments, but also to make sure that you haven’t missed out on anything important. Maybe that three hours a week you spent as a peer counselor slipped your mind. Always get someone to check it over and ask for anything they can contribute. Another reason it’s important to check in with someone else is to make sure that what you've written makes sense. Maybe you're used to certain acronyms or assume that everyone knows what the Quill and Scroll Club does! Step 4: Understand Your Story Now that you have your list, it’s important to reflect on it and try to think about how the admissions officers are going to see your activities. Do you think that the activities, as you have listed and described them, tell a story about who you are as a person? Is it a good representation of how you've spent the past four years outside of the classroom? And does it show what kind of contribution you will be making to a college community? At this point, it’s important to consider how you're presenting yourself. You may have heard that admissions officers are looking to create a well-rounded student body. While that’s true, that doesn’t mean that they are only looking for well-rounded students. Some students are â€Å"pointy." They have fantastic achievements in a certain area – and don’t have a lot outside that area. For example, imagine all your extracurricular activities are related to biology. You’re the president of the biology club at school, you’ve participated (and won awards) at various science competitions around your state over the past four years, you’ve worked with a professor at the local community college on some biological research, and you volunteer five hours per week as a bio tutor. Though you haven’t tried a lot of different things, you can still turn this into a great story about having a strong passion in one area. Admissions officers tend to like â€Å"pointy† students because their great focus shows that they have potential to make a big difference in the future of a certain field. A lot of â€Å"pointy† students with achievements in different areas will together make up a diverse student body. But realistically, most applicants aren't going to have such massive achievements in just one area. Well-rounded students also help make up a well-rounded student body, so try to think about how your diverse activities tell your story. You've probably learned different but valuable things from each experience, and having a diverse range of interests shows that you're not afraid to try new things – another thing that will be viewed positively by admissions officers. Also keep in mind that unusual activities often will stand out. Many students are involved in quite generic activities. While that isn’t bad, something different will definitely get you noticed, so don’t be afraid to include something a bit unorthodox on your list – especially if you’ve had a good achievement in it and it’s an important part of your story. So now that you know exactly what you’ll be writing about, let’s get into the details of how to actually fill out that application. Want to perfect your extracurriculars on your college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. How to Write About Your Extracurriculars: AKA Putting Your Twitter Skills to Use Let’s go through the Activities section of the Common App step by step. When you click on the Activities page, you’ll see a brief description of what’s expected in this section, and you can choose whether or not you have any activities that you would like to report. Click yes. Then press â€Å"Continue.† Next, click on â€Å"Activity 1." You’ll have a drop-down menu where you’ll be able to choose what kind of activity you’re going to talk about. Choose whatever best describes the #1 activity from the list you made previously. In the next box, you can put the Activity Name. You have 50 characters to fill out this section. The main rule for this is to be as detailed as you can within the character limit. This is because you want to save as much room as possible in the next section, where you have to describe the activity. Let’s say your activity is that you have spent the past four years playing the violin. You're the first chair violinist in a community orchestra, you're the soloist in your school’s concert band, you won local awards for your playing, and you've been taking lessons for 12 years. The bad way to phrase this would be: Violinist The great way to phrase this would be: Award-winning soloist/first chair violinist If you do this, you're making the most of your first 50 characters, and you can then use the Activity Description to elaborate on the points you have already raised in the Activity Name. Let’s move on to the Activity Description. In this box, you can use 150 characters to talk about details of your activity. While that may have been a challenge for older generations, it should be a breeze for anyone who is familiar with using Twitter! Look at your activity list that you wrote earlier. Choose the most important things for each activity – leadership positions, initiatives you ran, important contributions you made. What you should not write in this space is a general description of what the club or group does. Make this all about you and your role in the activity. Tip #1: Don’t try to use a full sentence here. Use action words and small phrases to describe what you've done. It’s ok to use symbols and abbreviations (, /, etc.) in order to save room. Tip #2: Be specific! Emphasize the numbers of what you did. How many people did you lead? How many people joined the club because of you? Exactly how much money did you raise for that cause? The more specific you are, the better picture you are painting for the admissions officer about what you actually achieved. Tip #3: Don’t exaggerate or lie about what you’ve done, but also make sure you aren’t modest. This is your time to shine and be proud of what you've accomplished. What if you don’t have room to write a complete enough description? Almost everyone will feel like they could write more, but try to refrain from doing so unless you really feel that something very important cannot be described well enough in the space given. If that’s the case, this is where the â€Å"Additional Information† section comes in. You’ll find this under the next section on the Common App, labelled â€Å"Writing.† If you do choose to use this space, make it clear that you are referring back to the Activity section. Continue to be brief and highlight the important things that you feel cannot be left out. Back on the Activities page, check the boxes for the years that you have participated in your activity, and also select if you participated in the activity during the school year, during breaks, or all year long. Next, fill in the number of weeks per year that you did the activity, and the hours per week. Finally, check if you would like to do something similar in college. You don't have to check â€Å"Yes† unless you really want to do something similar in college. It’s fine to want to explore new interests, but it’s recommended that you have at least one activity that you would like to continue in college. When you're finished, click on the â€Å"Preview† button. Read through it to make sure that you have no mistakes, that it makes sense, and that it says everything you want it to say. Feel free to repeat with up to nine other activities. Congratulations! You have now completed one of the most difficult sections of the Common App! What’s Next? Trying to get inspired?Check out our guide with four amazing extracurricular examples. These will be sure to help you stand out from the crowd! Looking for more extracurriculars to participate in? Here's a list of hundreds of extracurricular activities you can choose from. Now that you know more about how to write about extracurriculars, check outthe number one thing colleges wish students knew. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Labor power Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Labor power - Assignment Example The intrinsic value of a commodity, which is labor related, determines its exchange value, a concept he calls â€Å"the law of value.† are robbed of their rightful sweat. This is indeed the reason why Marx called for the elimination of profits and for workers to conquer of capitalists. the value of labor-power manifests as subsistence means. According to Marx, profit originates from exploitation of workers by capitalists. He explained that profits result when capitalists pay workers less than the actual value they add to the commodities they produce. Marx explains the main distinction between societies by arguing that the difference in the â€Å"mode in which the surplus-labor is in each case extracted from the actual producer, the laborer† (Marx and Engels 241). Despite the fact that capitalist workers, they (workers) cannot stop to work because they have no choice. Workers own labor but lack the means like tools, and raw materials to execute labor. For them to acquire these resources, they have no alternative but to sell their labor-power to the exploitative capitalists. In Marx’s model, profits keep falling because of increased efficiency in production, which translates to less labor utilization and spending more on labor-saving, efficient machinery. As such, the capitalists own attempt to increase prof it result into falling rate of

Analysis of a real life rhetorical situation Essay

Analysis of a real life rhetorical situation - Essay Example She also pointed out that the baby just needed supervision while playing with her toys making sure that the baby would not put anything in her mouth and would not be climbing furniture. She further reasoned that the baby was also easy to entertain with her blocks and her other toys. I was concerned about watching the baby because I had little experience watching over babies. I did not know how to change a diaper, nor did I know how to feed the baby her formula. I also did not know what to do in case the baby cried. My friend further reassured me that she just changed the baby’s diaper and she also just fed the baby so the baby would not need any changing or feeding in the next two hours. And by then, my friend said she would already be back from her errand. This rhetorical situation that I found myself in mainly involves my friend and her intention or goal to get me to watch her baby for about an hour. Her attitude is earnest as she is posing her request; she is worried about leaving her baby, but she knows she cannot take her baby with her. My friend is a full-time mother and has been married for 3 years now to a sales representative for a pharmaceutical company. Her extended family lives in another state and she and her husband moved in next-door about a year ago. She has credibility in her words and her actions because I could see she is distraught and worried about not having enough milk to feed her baby, but she is also concerned enough about my capabilities in caring for her baby. She takes the time to instruct me on what to do and what not to do while caring for the child. As an audience to this rhetorical situation, I am a student who is currently staying, for the weekend, at my parent’s house. My parents are away for th e weekend and I am alone in our house. I have had little experience caring for children as I am an only child and single. I am reasonably convinced that I would be able to watch the baby for about an

The After math of WW1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The After math of WW1 - Essay Example In regards to the effect on minorities of Europe after the First World War according to Spielvogel (2011) there are numerous negative consequences for these various groups. After the war a number of empires were broken up, in which various peoples that had cohabited in relative peace now were blaming each other for the economic woes brought on in the post war period. For example, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire there were a significant number of Czechs, Germans, Italians Hungarians, Poles, Serbs, and Slovenes (Amongst others) with this distribution of people there is no question that there would be a significant number of skirmishes between communities dominated by one group against their minorities. As a result of this a number of bilateral minority treaties which corresponded with the League of Nations Mandates. Some examples were the Polish Minority Treaty, or in the Austrian context, the Treaty of St. Germain-en Laye (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 1999). However, it th e negative effects on minorities in post WWI Europe would have been prominently felt in Germany (Especially once the nation began to be dominated by the National Socialists). Once the party came into power a number of sweeping laws came into effect that had sever consequences for minority groups. Some examples would be the Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseased Offspring (Facing History Campus, 2011) which forced compulsory sterilization of people suffering from hereditary diseased and later children of mixed parentage. This only represents a fraction of the overall policies that negatively affected minorities during the post-war period. The next issue to be addressed is the penalties that were to be paid by the Germans according to the Treaty of Versailles. According to The Discovery Channel (2011) there were a number of monetary and political implications from the treaty. For example there was significant loss of German territory. Germany was to cede the Alsace-Lorraine reg ion to France, Northern Schleswig was ceded to Denmark, and West Prussia was given to Poland ultimately amounting to approximately 65 thousand square kilometers lost to foreign nations in Europe. There were also significant overseas territories such as Namibia, Cameroon and a number of island territories in Oceania that had to be given up. In terms of military implications from the treaty of Versailles, Germany was forced to keep the size of its armed forces to fewer than 100,000 combatants, serious restrictions were placed on where the nation could build fortifications, air forces were completely forbidden and the navy was restricted to small ships. Moreover, according to the Discovery Channel (2011) one additional consequence was that the Kaiser Wilhelm II was supposed to be tried as a war criminal, but owing to the fact that he had fled to the Netherlands (Who refused to extradite him) no trial ever took place. The final major consequence was the financial implications from the c onflict meant that Germany was ordered to pay war reparations to the allied forces to help offset the costs that the allied nations had incurred as part of the war effort but Germany was also held responsible for the damages to civilian infrastructure as well. Prior to the outbreak of the Second World War, Germany had not paid off the entirety of their war reparations. However, according to ‘The Local’ (2010) the total cost was 132 billion Reichmarks which is approximately â‚ ¬

Literature Review of Body Temperature Studies

Literature Review of Body Temperature Studies Literature survey Body temperature is one of the vital signs and it is a complex clinical variable, which can be captured accurately and quantitatively analysed 1-2. According to German physician Wunderlich, the normal body temperature is defined as 37 0C and fever as 38 0C 3. A healthy, resting adult human normal core body temperature is 37 0C. However body temperature is not constant and varies among individuals throughout the day, because of individuals metabolism rate, which is directly proportional to the normal core body temperature, time of a day or part of the body in which the temperature measured at, in the early morning the body temperature is lower and in late evening it is high due to after muscular activity and food intake. Body temperature also varies at different sites. In clinical practice the rectal, oral, axillary, forehead and ear are used to measure body temperature. An oral site, which is more convenient to measure temperature is at 37 0C. Axillary site is not accurate to measure the temperature, where temperature fall at least value36.4 0C is noted from this site. Generally rectal temperature is considered to be the gold standard for core body temperature and average temperature is fall at 37.60C.Being an internal core body temperature, it is least time consuming procedure. The temperature is higher than at other sites, due to the low blood flow and high isolation of the area, giving a low heat loss16. Rectal temperature measurement is unhygienic and can pose a risk of injury to the intestinal mucosa, especially in infants and in rectal surgery. It increases physical and psychological stress and can cause embarrassment, anxiety and physical discomfort17. The tympanic is a good site for non-invasive measurement of core body temperature. Howeve r care should be exercised with the different modes of operation offered.18 When summarizing studies with able or adequately able affirmation, the ambit for articulate temperature was 33.2-38.2 0C, rectal: 34.4-37.8 0C, tympanic: 35.4-37.80C. The ambit in articulatetemperature for men and women, respectively, was 35.7-37.7and 33.2-38.1 0C, in abdominal 36.7-37.5 in tympanic 35.5-37.5 and35.7-37.5 0C1. Mackowiak et al. in 1992 recorded the body temperatures of 65 men with the average value of36.8 0C (98.2 0F).4 The thermometer is one of the most attempted and trusted clinical instruments, yet surprising surround the information which it yields. The use of thermometer in clinical medicine was started in the middle of 19th century. However its understanding and significance of temperature measurement in health and diseased condition was occurred from past twenty decades 19. Thermometer is invented in seventeenth-century, it did not reach medicine until the 1870s, it was already in veterinary use because it provided an early diagnosis of the dreaded cattle plague-as discovered 100 years earlier by a French veterinary student. On the other hand the existence of fever had been recognized since 600 B.C. For most of this time, fever was believed to be beneficial, even to absurd degrees. `If there were a physician skilful1 enough to produce a fever it would be useless to seek any other remedy against disease-according to Rufus of Ephesus in A.D. 100. By the 17OOs, however, the ability of willow bark to reduce fever became known and, as ever, once an effective drug was available, excellent use was found for it. The ability to control fever fostered the belief that it ought to be controlled, or at least that it was unhelpful, without much real evidence: `The role of fever in disease remains unexplained. Fever may eventually be shown to confer a greater advantag e to the defence mechanism of the host than to the invasive properties of the microorganism19. In 1861, Carl Wunderlich was the first German physician performed the systemic measurement of human core body temperature in healthy individuals, the average reported value was 37 0C or 98.6 degree Fahrenheit. Because of his work on temperature Wunderlich is generally regarded as the father of clinical thermometry20-21. According to Wunderlich, normal body temperature lies within a range of 97.2 0F/36.2 0C to 99.5 0F/37.5 0C. Wunderlich found that the body temperature is not constant and varies in both healthy and unhealthy individuals. He wrote, The lowest point is reached in the morning hours between two and eight, and the highest in the afternoon between four. In his investigation the body temperature rises in mental exertion, constipation and urine retention.He observed that women have slightly higher body temperature than men and among age groups; older individuals have significantly lower body temperature compare to younger individuals20. Body temperature is influenced by several factors, such as diurnal variation and cellular metabolism, due to muscle activity during the day exercise and ambient temperature 22-23. Daily body temperature is not dependent on site of measurement, which is non-linear, and characterized by moment to moment complex variability 4 .The cosinor analysis of temperature variability data is well established in circadian research of body temperature rhythms, which is described in a simple cosine wave, which is typically characterized in terms of acrophase, amplitude, and mesor, where it filtered out the complex variability data4. Under natural conditions expected timing of the nadir and acrophase , value of the mesor, and amplitude of temperature rhythm was significantly different in an individual’s temperature rhythm, which will be influenced by many endogenous countenance of the environments as well as health status4. During menstrual period, there is an increase in body temperature ranging from 0.5-1.0 ° F/0.25-0.5 ° C is typically observed at or around ovulation(ref- Circannual and menstrual rhythm characteristics in manic episodes and body temperature. in note.) . Comparison of between follicular phase and the post-ovulation luteal phase, body temperature is elevated, but the amplitude of the temperature rhythm is reduced (ref- Circadian rhythms, sleep, and the menstrual cycle. In word doc.). It has been reported that the temperature in luteal stage is 0.4 0C higher than follicular stage (26 ref- in note ). (Check original ref no. in protocol.) This is mainly because of the progesterone hormone level in luteal stage and some studies proved that rise in body temperature is due to effect of progesterone hormone whereas oestrogen has lowering effect. the temperature remain elevated in luteal phase as long as the progesterone levels are increased. ( ref-29 and 33 in note.) )(check 27-28 origina l ref ) Physical fitness varies the normal body temperature; Atkinson G et al found that the physically active groups have higher amplitude of temperature than inactive groups. However the oral temperature of physically active group had lower than inactive group at 2.00 and 6.00. Rest of the time physically active group had significantly higher oral temperature than inactive group. Age has also an important role in variability of temperature. In most of the studies reported that cosinor analysis of temperature; mesor and amplitude decreases with increase in age. Gubin et al reported that normal temperature range is higher in young adults than in elders. Mesor is higher in young adults (97.5 ° F/36.38 ° C) than in elderly subjects (97.1 ° F/36.17 ° C) and amplitude was also increased in young adults than in elderly subjects. The mean circadian acrophase was similar in both age groups (17:19 versus 16:93); however, inter-individual differences were higher in the older group, with individual values varying between 10:00 and 23:00 hours (ref.-48 in note ). In another study Howell et al recorded the oral temperature using electronic thermometer in 105 females age ranges from 61-105 years and reported a group mean of 36 0C,which is significantly lower than in a younger adults.(29 in original protocol). Touitou et al, found that the daily body temperature ampl itude was decreased in the elderly subjects when compared to healthy adult individuals.(30 in original protocol). Nonlineardynamics and complexity theory appear to offer an alternative approach. Many biological structures can be regarded as natural fractals and much physiological behaviour can be explained by deterministic chaos (heart rate, bacterial population growth, hormonal secretion pulses, and epidemics. Furthermore, in many cases, pathological conditions and ageing are known to be accompanied by losses in complexity. The complexity of the temperature curve could be regularly measured in all cases. Consistent results were obtained using three entirely independent methods that measure different aspects (in two cases the dynamic behaviour, in the other the anfractuosity of the curve), with good correlation between all methods. None of the complexity measures was significantly different for the two sexes, nor were they affected by the BMI. On the other hand, all measures of complexity were inversely correlated with age. This finding is somehow coded in the temperature readings, but classical statistical indicators are not capable of bringing it to light. The finding of an inverse correlation between age and the degree of complexity of the temperature curve was likewise not unexpected. Ageing and illness are known to be accompanied by a loss of complexity in certain patterns of chaotic behaviour12. For instance; variability in heart rate decreases with age and in certain conditions is associated with a poor prognosis31. It could be argued that, as has been postulated for heart rate, body temperature is governed by several different regulatory systems (thermogenesis, vasoconstriction- vasodilatation mechanisms, sweating, breathing rate) and at the same time is subject to external factors (ambient temperature, exercise, clothing). Perhaps illness and ageing cause a certain decoupling or isolation of the thermal regulatory system from its surroundings. This in turn could result in less complexity of the temperature plot, leading to lower ApEn and FDc values and higher DFA values12. Varela et al. reported that in healthy subjects, the temperature curve behaves like a natural fractal whose complexity may be analyzed in a consistent manner. In addition, they observed that complexity decreased significantly with age. The complexity of the temperature curve is tightly inversely correlated with the severity of the patients condition. Both mean and minimum ApEn were significantly lower in patients who died than in patients who survived. Consequently one would expect to see a reduced complexity in the temperature readings of critically ill patients, the level of complexity mirroring the patients clinical evolution. In this respect, the mean ApEn value for the patient series was significantly lower than the mean ApEn for a series of 21 healthy subjects. The inverse correlation between the ApEn values and the SOFA scores in most of thein their series was likewise consistent with that premise32. In another study of Varela et al. reported that there was good correlation between complexity results and clinical scores for each patient. Non survivors exhibited lower complexity values than survivors, so low levels of complexity in the temperature curve are poor indicators  of prognosis in patients with multiple organ failure.  The predictive ability of temperature curve complexity is similar to that of the SOFA score33. Available evidence suggested that body temperature is a complex, non-linear physiological variable and has an accepted 24 hour rhythm associated with health. Body temperature is also subject to many sources of endogenous and exogenous variation4. Temperature curve analysis may provide relevant information on the aetiology of fever thus may assist in early diagnosis of disease 12. There are few cases where rectal temperature is measured intermittently using thermometer to generate fever patterns but it is a tedious procedure and has a limited usefulness in diagnosis of certain clinical conditions such as, double quotidian fever curves in diagnosis of mixed malarial infections, visceral leishmaniasis, right-sided gonococcal endocarditis and sustained fever patterns in typhoid fever 13. Musher D M et al found that the fever pattern is not likely to be helpful in diagnosis of sustained fever in Gram-negative pneumonia or in CNS damage with possible exceptions.(new ref in fever pattern). Papaioannou et al studied temperature curve complexity using wavelet transformation in 22 patients with systemic inflammation found that there is a decrease in complexity of temperature especially more in sepsis condition. They suggested that complexity analysis of temperature signals can help in assessment of inherent thermoregulatory dynamics during systemic inflammation and also can increase discriminating value in patients with infectious versus non-infectious conditions, probably associated with severity of illness. However monitoring of 24 hour ambulatory core body temperature so far has been limited and still remains obscure. Studies have shown that core body temperature is not constant, and fluctuates in different clinical conditions and in various endogenous and exogenous factors, where variability of core body temperature patterns is noted. However assessment of 24 hour core body has not been established in detail. Thus standardization of core body temperature using spectral analysis might play a significant role in clinical practice, which would potentially help us to predict clinical outcome in the early part of fever in patients and with other associated clinical conditions.